Mrs Bandaranaike, who had bravely faced the attempted coup d’état a decade earlier at the beginning of her first term, was to face one of her main challenges just a year into her second term with the outbreak of a youth led armed insurrection by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP). Whilst the Government was able to ensure the prevalence of law and order within a short period of time, this marked the beginning of a period of governing the country under a state of emergency.